Annotated Bibliography
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
WSDE Articles
QQC for "Sea Ethic"
Quote:
It now seems desirable that we should extend our sense of community below high tide- complimenting the Land Ethic with a "Sea Ethic"- including all life on Earth in our concept of community. Were it not for the fact that we are such visual creatures, our sense of community with the ocean would be easier and more intuitive to grasp than even our sense of land, because our connection with the sea is intimate. Most of the oxygen we breathe is made by ocean plankton. And when animals left the seas in which life arose, they took the saltwater with them, in their bodies- an internal environment crucial for cellular survival. We are, in a sense, soft vessels of seawater. Seventy percent of our bodies is water, the same percentage that covers the Earth's surface. We are wrapped around an ocean within. You can test this simply enough; taste your tears.
Question:
While reading this, I began to make connections to salt in the water versus salt in animals and food. I began to question- Does the salt in animals enter our systems because of what we eat? Why are our tears naturally made up of salt, and does it relate to the food we eat? And if so, why can't we drink salt water?
Comment:
Out of the WSDE articles we read, I was most influenced by the "Sea Ethic" reading, one that focuses on the demand of fishing. It really inspired me to find my own WSDE subject- I could focus on overfishing or even our local fisheries in San Diego. I could also go into subtopics of toxic and healthier fish to eat.
Quote:
It now seems desirable that we should extend our sense of community below high tide- complimenting the Land Ethic with a "Sea Ethic"- including all life on Earth in our concept of community. Were it not for the fact that we are such visual creatures, our sense of community with the ocean would be easier and more intuitive to grasp than even our sense of land, because our connection with the sea is intimate. Most of the oxygen we breathe is made by ocean plankton. And when animals left the seas in which life arose, they took the saltwater with them, in their bodies- an internal environment crucial for cellular survival. We are, in a sense, soft vessels of seawater. Seventy percent of our bodies is water, the same percentage that covers the Earth's surface. We are wrapped around an ocean within. You can test this simply enough; taste your tears.
Question:
While reading this, I began to make connections to salt in the water versus salt in animals and food. I began to question- Does the salt in animals enter our systems because of what we eat? Why are our tears naturally made up of salt, and does it relate to the food we eat? And if so, why can't we drink salt water?
Comment:
Out of the WSDE articles we read, I was most influenced by the "Sea Ethic" reading, one that focuses on the demand of fishing. It really inspired me to find my own WSDE subject- I could focus on overfishing or even our local fisheries in San Diego. I could also go into subtopics of toxic and healthier fish to eat.
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
Six Degrees of Separation: Lipstick
During this project, our class was assigned to research a topic and separate the topic into six different subjects. I chose to study lipstick, and to research and separate the:
Essay:
Since I began high school, I have noticed that many girls, including myself, rely on makeup each day. We put it on before school, during school, after school, and constantly reapply. As I recorded my daily journal, I noticed that this was important in my routine, and noticed that it’s been a key factor in many of my friends’ routines as well. Because of this, I decided to research the effects of makeup, and narrowed it down to lipstick due to the myths I previously heard such as the production involving fish scales. Throughout my research, I learned today’s six degrees of separation for lipstick include ingredients, production, labeling and packaging, byproducts, quality control, and importation. Through this project, I learned that much of the degrees of lipstick production does not harm the environment, and actually uses environmental savvy reusable techniques due to the expenses.
Lipstick’s ingredients include Beeswax, Candelilla wax, Carnauba wax, Vegetable oil, Lanolin oil, Mineral oil, Castor oil, Cocoa butter, Bromo acid, pigments and dyes, antioxidants and preservatives, and fragrance. During the production, there are many machines including: Mixing machine, Seizing machine, Grinding machine, Tri-Rolling machine, Heating mixing machine, mold sets, filling machine, Mold releasing machine,
Box folding machine, Carton machine, carton tapping machine. The manufacturing of lipstick begins with mixing several pigments and oils together. The oil base material is then mixed with fats and waxes, and heated to create a paste. A perfume will be added to the paste, as well. The mixed materials are then heated to about 70-90 degrees Celsius. (158-194 Fahrenheit). After the paste is heated, it is placed in a copper or aluminum mold to form its shape. After the paste is molded, it is cooled to about 0-5 degrees Celsius, and then packaged and labeled.
As for the packaging and labeling, normally this depends on whether or not the lipstick is packaged in bulk, or individually. In bulk, the packaging of lipsticks are through a machine, while as the individual packaging is done by hand. Surprisingly, lipstick packaging and labeling machines are available to the public for sale. In the production of lipstick, there are rarely any byproducts due to the expense of the ingredients. They are
usually reused and kept for later manufacturing. However, in the normal manufacturing process, there are no byproducts and waste portions of lipstick will be thrown out with cleaning materials.
Due to the FDA standards, quality control procedures for lipstick are strict, especially since it is the only cosmetic truly ingested. Materials are tested because lipstick is supposed to be mixed in a controlled environment, free of contamination. Tests for quality control ensure that it meets the required specifications. To further ensure the quality of lipstick, there are two tests called the Rupture test and Heat test. Each makes
sure there is no distortion of the lipstick under harsh conditions. Each manufacturer sets its own parameters. Usually, the importing and exporting depends on the brands, but most lipsticks are imported from Asian countries such as Thailand and China.
- Ingredients
- Production
- Labeling and packaging
- Byproducts
- Quality control
- And importation
Essay:
Since I began high school, I have noticed that many girls, including myself, rely on makeup each day. We put it on before school, during school, after school, and constantly reapply. As I recorded my daily journal, I noticed that this was important in my routine, and noticed that it’s been a key factor in many of my friends’ routines as well. Because of this, I decided to research the effects of makeup, and narrowed it down to lipstick due to the myths I previously heard such as the production involving fish scales. Throughout my research, I learned today’s six degrees of separation for lipstick include ingredients, production, labeling and packaging, byproducts, quality control, and importation. Through this project, I learned that much of the degrees of lipstick production does not harm the environment, and actually uses environmental savvy reusable techniques due to the expenses.
Lipstick’s ingredients include Beeswax, Candelilla wax, Carnauba wax, Vegetable oil, Lanolin oil, Mineral oil, Castor oil, Cocoa butter, Bromo acid, pigments and dyes, antioxidants and preservatives, and fragrance. During the production, there are many machines including: Mixing machine, Seizing machine, Grinding machine, Tri-Rolling machine, Heating mixing machine, mold sets, filling machine, Mold releasing machine,
Box folding machine, Carton machine, carton tapping machine. The manufacturing of lipstick begins with mixing several pigments and oils together. The oil base material is then mixed with fats and waxes, and heated to create a paste. A perfume will be added to the paste, as well. The mixed materials are then heated to about 70-90 degrees Celsius. (158-194 Fahrenheit). After the paste is heated, it is placed in a copper or aluminum mold to form its shape. After the paste is molded, it is cooled to about 0-5 degrees Celsius, and then packaged and labeled.
As for the packaging and labeling, normally this depends on whether or not the lipstick is packaged in bulk, or individually. In bulk, the packaging of lipsticks are through a machine, while as the individual packaging is done by hand. Surprisingly, lipstick packaging and labeling machines are available to the public for sale. In the production of lipstick, there are rarely any byproducts due to the expense of the ingredients. They are
usually reused and kept for later manufacturing. However, in the normal manufacturing process, there are no byproducts and waste portions of lipstick will be thrown out with cleaning materials.
Due to the FDA standards, quality control procedures for lipstick are strict, especially since it is the only cosmetic truly ingested. Materials are tested because lipstick is supposed to be mixed in a controlled environment, free of contamination. Tests for quality control ensure that it meets the required specifications. To further ensure the quality of lipstick, there are two tests called the Rupture test and Heat test. Each makes
sure there is no distortion of the lipstick under harsh conditions. Each manufacturer sets its own parameters. Usually, the importing and exporting depends on the brands, but most lipsticks are imported from Asian countries such as Thailand and China.
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
The Cove
Dolphin habitat, behaviour and dolphinariums
A central argument developed through The Cove is that for physiological reasons dolphins cannot adapt to dolphinariums, particularly of the amusement park variety.
Food chain and mercury poisoning
Before looking closely at the ways in which dolphins either adapt or do not adapt to particular salt-water environments, explain what Roger Payne means by his statement in the film that, ‘people and dolphins feed at the same level in the food chain’.
Draw an illustrated chart of a ‘food chain’ that demonstrates Payne’s comment.
Explain how and why dolphins in their ocean element can acquire high levels of mercury due to their position in the food chain.
Where does this mercury come from, and how does it enter the food chain? Show this on your chart.
Dolphin communications
From viewing the film, and from further examination of the issue, discuss in class and make notes on the ways in which dolphins are suited to living in natural ocean environments, and the methods by which they communicate with each other in those environments.
How do they react to noise?
Why is it that they suffer from nervous stress if barricaded or fenced in within those environments?
In what way is their sound perception, as suggested by O’Barry, ‘their downfall in Taiji’?
During the film O’Barry says, ‘... in these fish houses [at places such as Miami Sea World], you’ll see bottles of Maalox and Tagamet.’
Find out what these medicinal aids are normally used for, and whether they have any health side effects.
What claims does O’Barry make about Maalox and Tagamet in relation to dolphins?
From further research are we able to verify the truth of these claims?
A central argument developed through The Cove is that for physiological reasons dolphins cannot adapt to dolphinariums, particularly of the amusement park variety.
Food chain and mercury poisoning
Before looking closely at the ways in which dolphins either adapt or do not adapt to particular salt-water environments, explain what Roger Payne means by his statement in the film that, ‘people and dolphins feed at the same level in the food chain’.
Draw an illustrated chart of a ‘food chain’ that demonstrates Payne’s comment.
Explain how and why dolphins in their ocean element can acquire high levels of mercury due to their position in the food chain.
Where does this mercury come from, and how does it enter the food chain? Show this on your chart.
Dolphin communications
From viewing the film, and from further examination of the issue, discuss in class and make notes on the ways in which dolphins are suited to living in natural ocean environments, and the methods by which they communicate with each other in those environments.
How do they react to noise?
Why is it that they suffer from nervous stress if barricaded or fenced in within those environments?
In what way is their sound perception, as suggested by O’Barry, ‘their downfall in Taiji’?
During the film O’Barry says, ‘... in these fish houses [at places such as Miami Sea World], you’ll see bottles of Maalox and Tagamet.’
Find out what these medicinal aids are normally used for, and whether they have any health side effects.
What claims does O’Barry make about Maalox and Tagamet in relation to dolphins?
From further research are we able to verify the truth of these claims?
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